The Coca-Cola Company Business Environment Term Paper - 1

The Coca-Cola Company Business Environment - Term Paper Example The organization is the biggest in assembling, circulation, and showcasing of nonalcoholic drink syrups and concentrates. It keeps up its tasks in excess of 200 nations. The organization accordingly needs to break down their inward surroundings for dangers and openings so as to keep up their situation in the ever powerful serious field. These various conditions fall under the Pestle investigation that causes the organization administrators to settle on large scale choices on strategy changes. These incorporate expenses, new laws, exchange hindrances and government strategy changes among others. At the coca cola organization, financial difficulties are presented by expansion because of the monetary emergency in many nations. The client buying power is lessening to high oil and item costs. There is likewise a high pace of joblessness. Besides, rivalry from different brands, for example, Pepsi is expanding. Be that as it may, the organization doesn't plan to chop down the cost of their items. Socially, the lives of clients particularly ladies is evolving. The vast majority of them are going out to work. It has brought about the requirement for time the executives and the inclination for more advantageous nourishments. Numerous individuals right now choose tea, milk, espresso, and juices squeezing the Coca-Cola Company. Shoppers between the ages of 37 and 55 are increasingly worried about expanding their lives consequently centered around sustenance. Pop and improved beverages have been related with corpulence. This has influenced deals as buyers have gotten progressively mindful of sound ways of life. Both the lawful and worlds of politics influence advertising choices at the organization. These incorporate laws, pressure bunches like the â€Å"killer coke† and government offices. For example, during the 1970s an auxiliary gathering in India needed the organization to share their mystery recipe under the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act. They declined and needed to end their tasks for a long time (Kaye, 2006). The makers have been compelled to give elite domains to wholesalers.

Analysis Of The Apple Logo

Examination Of The Apple Logo Lead an investigation of the associations logo from the accompanying points of view: Plan Shading Message Setting and use Source: http://www.blogcdn.com/www.switched.com/media/2008/02/apple-logo-128.png The Apple Logo, planned by Rob Janoff is particularly stylish and needs no magnificent presentation at all. The logo is for all intents and purposes all over the place; on our iPhones, the adored iPod, MACS, iPad and even unobtrusive item positions in our preferred motion pictures or shows. Not exclusively is Apple innovatively forward, however its logo is likewise the exemplification of development. The structure is basic, insignificant and effectively meaningful which makes it straightforward; completely, it prevails with regards to catching the crowds eye. The logo sharpens an outwardly engaging apple with an impressive lump of its correct side gnawed off. It is non-romantic on face esteem, yet puzzling and enticing within. The chomp is the thing that adds character to the logo and makes it all the all the more appealing. Since the most recent 30 years the conceptualization and structure, of the logo remains to a great extent unaltered aside from varieties in its shading and only a couple of changes for every state. The Apple logo is effectively the most perceived corporate image on the planet, odds are there wont be uncommon changes at any point in the near future. Jean Louis Gassã ©e, official at Apple Computer from 1981 to 1990 discloses more regarding the matter, One of the profound secrets to me is our logo, the image of desire and information, chomped into, all crossed with the shades of the rainbow out of order. You couldnt dream of an increasingly fitting logo: desire, information, expectation, and rebellion. (Statement: Linzmayer, Owen W 2004, Apple classified 2.0: the conclusive history of the universes most brilliant organization, second Edition, no. 1, pp. 12) The first Apple logo was structured by Jobs and Wayne in 1976, indicating Isaac Newton sitting under a Mac tree. It was propelled by the accompanying citation, Newton A Mind Forever Voyaging Through Strange Seas of Thought Alone. The associations name was likewise fused into the first logo. Later it was overhauled in 1977 and on the off chance that one may say as much, deified by Janoff with the more up to date form that we know about today. We have seen various varieties of the logo in the most recent years to be specific the rainbow apple, the water hued run and the contemporary metallic-chrome adaptation. There have been a heap of translations and fantasies the extent that the shading plan of the logo is concerned. The rainbow hued apple has been supposed to speak to a hipster impact pair with the way that Apple has consistently marked itself as a cool and hip organization that takes into account the youthful and insightful. Planner Rob Janoff clarifies that the genuine strong exp lanation behind the shaded stripes was that the Apple II was the main home or PC that could replicate pictures on the screen in shading. So it speaks to shading bars on the screen. (Raszl, 2009, Interview with Rob Janoff-architect of the Apple logo, Creative Bits, http://creativebits.org/meet/interview_rob_janoff_designer_apple_logo) Other urban legends additionally infer that the Apple logo is basically observed as reverence to Alan Turning, the progenitor of present day processing, who ended it all utilizing a cyanide-bound apple. Alan Turning was a gay and the rainbow shaded stripes was viewed as a tribute to gay pride. Some even view the nibbled apple as a scriptural reference to when Eve bit into the illegal apple or maybe even the notorious chomp of information. Be that as it may, these generally dispersed misgivings are sheer fantasies and have been romanticized as a result of the logos claim. Loot Janoff clears up everything, When I clarify the genuine motivation behind why I did the nibble its sort of a disappointment. Be that as it may, Ill let you know. I planned it with a nibble for scale, so individuals get that it was an apple not a cherry. Additionally it was somewhat notorious about whittling down an apple. Something that everybody can understanding. It goes across societies. On the off chance that anyone at any point had an apple he likely nibbled into it and that is the thing that you get. It was after I planned it, that my innovative executive let me know: Well you know, there is a PC expression called byte. What's more, I resembled: Youre joking! In this way, it resembled great, however it was unintentional that it was likewise a PC expression. (Raszl, 2009, Interview with Rob Janoff-planner of the Apple logo, Creative Bits) A recognizable component about the logo as far as extent and surface is its strong shape and an obviously separated layout which radiates power. To put it plainly, the apple implies business and requests to be paid attention to! Close consideration has been paid to detail and there is no literary mess. Its simple on the eye and doesn't offer route to any visual soil or language in a manner of speaking. It is fascinating to take note of that the Apple Company doesn't utilize its name in its logo and this flighty methodology really works for them. A logo sans the brand name is a lot bolder and keeps on having a solid nearness in a plenty of other opponent organizations. Moreover, the apple on a plain white foundation includes a component of peculiarity and the difference talks volume fit as a fiddle acknowledgment. The illustrations have seen a couple of changes to a great extent by making the logo progressively balanced but then never losing its substance. There are no obvious text st yles in the official Apple logo and there appears to be no specific requirement for one either as a result of its mass prevalence. Apple flaunts gigantic brand mindfulness without utilizing the organization name in its logo and has overwhelmed the global market with the guide of this front line structure alone. As of late, Apple has picked white and crude aluminum shading plans. The patched up glass-themed logo that initially showed up on the Mac OS X Panther in 2003 and later on the iPhone, iPod Touch, iPod Nano, Video iPod and so forth is progressive and invigorating. It has no rainbow hues in its new structure, is exquisite and ready in height. These changes have figured out how to support Apples position as a leader and staying up with the latest with the shoppers tastes and inclinations. Mac Computers brand picture rises above societies and mainlands. The Apple is viewed as a first class yet feasible item. We as a whole needed to get our hands on the iPhone when it originally came out independent of our land imperatives and prior the iPod was on everyones list of things to get. That is the excellence of Apple. Their showcasing system and imaginative methodology is practically perfect. The Apple logo isn't only a corporate personality any longer; yet it has likewise pivoted its path well into worldwide mainstream society. For what other reason would it be viewed as stylish to wear the chomped apple on their every day clothing by steadfast clients and going to extraordinary lengths by supporting the logo by having it inked on their bodies? The Apple logo shows up on all Apple items including PCs, PCs, iPods, Macintosh, QuickTime and so on. Apple items have out of the blue sprung up multitudinous occasions on media channels as a perfect stunt for item arrangements. The eatable apple has been a normal on mainstream shows like Sex and the City, Heroes, The Office, Entourage, CSI NY, House, 24 and The O.C to give some examples. Apple has anyway over and over denied any cases that they pay for item situations which must be that Apple parts with its items for use to certain creation houses. Comparable examples of supporting gleaming MacBooks and iPods can be seen on the big screen including new discharges like Wall-E, Toy Story 3, Wall Street 2, Kick Ass and Book of Eli. Subsequently, Hollywoods developing relationship with Apple is going towards a lifetime sentiment and is one the reasons why the logo is so well known and unintentionally the items regarded as chic. Instances of Product Placements. The closeness among Apple and its logo is incredible. In spite of its unassuming beginnings, Apple has appeared as an incredible sensation since the time its origin. Cutting edge battles like Think Different and out of the case innovativeness have made the notorious chewed apple ageless for all occasions to come. Apple comprehends its buyers needs and the generally conspicuous logo is the ideal demonstration of what the organization has accomplished throughout the years after its underlying years as a bombing organization to being the enormous weapon it is today. No organization vouches such generous supports and positive reactions by customers like Apple does. The hurled natural product is staying put to say the very least!

Our new video

Our new video By now many of you have seen our new promo video on the website. And if you haven’t yet, you can take a look right here. MIT: Live the Puzzle from MIT Admissions on Vimeo. When we re-launched our new site last summer with a new design and streamlined navigation, we also made room for video to be featured right on the homepage. Its part of our overall communication strategy to showcase a constantly changing mix of videos from old classics dug up from the admissions vault like MIT the Movie and vintage television news footage of one of MIT’s most famous hacks of all time, to music videos like the one we featured of MIT’s amazing acapella group the Logarhythms and student made videos from the Freshman Arts Program. But its also part of our plan to create some promotional videos of our own to show today’s MIT, in all its living, breathing color. We’ve already heard from many in early focus group testing who told us they loved the video, and we also heard from some who said, “Yeah, but how come you are not showing the real MIT? You know, the science and research and engineering MIT? We want more of that super cool movable wall and we want to see more robots in the Media Lab. And to that I say, of course, that’s MIT alright, and we plan to show you more of that in the coming months, so stay tuned. But for this video, it was our goal to give prospective students a feel for our campus and what it looks like,  full of awesome buildings some majestic and some kinda weird and plenty of open green spaces. And we wanted everyone to know that, yes, we really do have sports here at MIT and a lot of students take part in them at a very high level. But mostly we wanted it to tell a story of what our community really loves about being at MIT. So we hired some professionals to help us out and like so many things here at MIT, the admissions communications team collaborated with students and faculty and the film crew to capture the diverse, fun, and friendly student population. What is says to us is that while we are every bit a science and engineering school, we’re also a whole lot more than that too â€" and we’re pretty jazzed about that. So what does it say to you? I’d love to hear more.

Computer Networks And The Network - 974 Words

A computer network is any computer or group of computers that are linked to another computer or systems of computers so they can communicate. There are several careers that involve knowledge of computer networking. Each of these positions require a particular set of skills. While the positions may sound the same, they are not. For example, the network engineer manages and designs computer networks, upgrading them and tests their security while the network administrator keeps the network running. The network analyst is responsible for supporting the overall infrastructure of the computer network, writing software and other programs that are needed. The information systems administrator is responsible for designing, delivering, and maintaining the infrastructure that makes up the network, usually in an organization. The network technician is the one who sets up the network, troubleshoots problems and services the network to keep it running. The network information systems manager is re sponsible for the technicians, administrators, analysists and engineers while also planning for the network into the future (Computer Networking Majors Guide). The career that I would choose, at least for now, would be a network technician because I like to build things and enjoy the hardware side of computing. There are several skill sets that I need to perform this job. One of the required duties is to set up the network hardware that the business needs. This includes setting up the securityShow MoreRelatedComputer Networks And The Network1232 Words   |  5 Pages A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network which allows computers to exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing devices exchange data with each other along network links . The connections between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet. 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In order to create these networks, there needs to be devices known as routers, switches and firewalls. These devices have some very well-known vendors, such as, Cisco and Juniper. Juniper uses an operating system called Junos. Junos OS is a great network operating system because of its modularity and it’s unique and hierarchical configurationRead MoreWireless Sensor Networks : Computer Networks2162 Words   |  9 PagesTopic: Wireless Sensor Networks Sridevi Veluru CSCI – 570 – Advanced Computer Networks Prof Mark McGinn 10/10/2016 â€Æ' Introduction With the recent technological advancements of smaller sensor devices enabling ubiquitous sensing capabilities and driven by the adoption of global standard technologies, Wireless Sensor networks (WSN) are evolving as one of the most significant technologies of 21st century (Ruiz-Garcia, Lunadei, Barreiro, Robla, 2009). Though wired networks provide more stable andRead MoreComputer Security : Computers And Networks870 Words   |  4 Pagesnot use the computer system to â€Å"snoop† or pry into the affairs of other users by unnecessarily reviewing their files and e-mail. Accessing other computers and networks: A User’s ability to connect to other computer systems through the network or by a modem does not imply a right to connect to those systems or to make use of those systems unless specifically authorized by the operators of those systems. Computer security: Each User is responsible for ensuring that use of outside computers and networksRead MoreHow Is A Computer Network?873 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Define a Computer Network No matter how it is described or reported â€Å"computer network† continue being a difficult phrase to define. Computer IT technicians do not know how to approach to a regular person, and describe the operation of a simple computer networking . In the other hand, and this is also important, â€Å"regular normal† people seem not to care how important a computer network is, and what it really means. Maybe is because most of the time the computer network always is â€Å"behind theRead MoreComputer Network Management1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe Basics of Network Management In the computer world, networks are the primary means of inter-computer communications. The building and maintenance of a network is the responsibility of the network manager. The network manager must have the expertise to design and implement an appropriate network for his client. The proper design of a network is based on more than a few principles. However, the job of the network manager encompasses more than simply building a useable network, although that

Bipolar Disorder A Family Based Perspective - 1733 Words

Bipolar Disorder and Mental Illness: A Family-based Perspective Living with a person who has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, or even being a family member who has a genuine concern for this individual’s well-being is a strenuous process. Learning how to recognize and handle disruptive behavior, understanding the symptoms, supporting the individual through potential treatment or recovery periods and assessing the overall situation in the most effective manner is a long-term and constant commitment. Thus, family members, particularly those who take on the role of caregiver are often impacted as severely, if not more so than the person who has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, at least on the surface. Bipolar disorder and†¦show more content†¦Rita has no children and is unmarried. With both of her parents being deceased, her only close family members are her two sisters, Mary and Nancy. Mary holds a high-ranking position in an intense career field, while Nancy works full time and is completed her MBA program. Neither have f ormal training as a care provider; their time is limited as their focus is to progress in their careers. Still, the sisters have taken it upon themselves to care for Rita as she is untrusting of others. Further, she is in a state of denial and will forego any form of treatment involving anyone other than her family. Brown (2005) finds this is common among those with bipolar disorder who are still in the denial stage of their diagnosis. Rita shows resistance, but is willing to participate as long as Mary or Nancy are the ones providing care. At this stage, professional care is not an option. The sisters have accepted their roles as caregivers, despite their intense professional lives. A distinct finding throughout the process is that the family members who have taken the role of caregiver did not feel that their efforts are appreciated, both collectively and individually. This is a somewhat ironic finding, as the family members, individually, are under the impression that they put forth more effort than other family members. That is, Mary claims that Nancy does not put forth enough effort or show that she is committed to caring for

Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Two Free Essays

â€Å"I work in the CID.† Criminal Investigations Division, my mind translated as Nic reached into his suit and withdrew his ID, flipping it open with an ease born of practice. I didn’t bother to look. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Two or any similar topic only for you Order Now I knew who he was. I didn’t care about his badge. I wanted to hear why he’d stepped out of the past and into my life. I wanted to discover where the boy I’d loved had gone and when this man had taken his place. Seven years ago Nic had been easygoing and fun. I’d laughed more with him than I’d ever laughed with anyone else. He’d been a wealth of contrasts. Quick with numbers, clever with words, fast hands, slow smile, a great kiss. We’d both been alone in the world, searching for something, or maybe someone. We’d found it in each other. My life had forever been divided into before and after Dominic Franklin had come into it. I still don’t know if I believe in love at first sight. I saw him so many times before I loved him. But a true, deep, forever love? In that, I do believe. â€Å"Why you?† I didn’t realize I’d said the words out loud until he answered them. â€Å"Because I’m the best at what I do.† â€Å"Which is?† â€Å"Finding missing persons.† â€Å"What does that have to do with us?† â€Å"You tell me. What do you do?† Could I put him off by telling the lies I’d told a hundred times before? Wouldn’t hurt to try. â€Å"I’m studying a new strain of rabies in the wolf population.† â€Å"Never heard of it.† â€Å"The government doesn’t want people to know the virus is becoming resistant to the vaccine.† â€Å"It is?† â€Å"No, I made that up.† My teeth clicked together as I snapped my mouth shut. Why couldn’t I keep quiet? His lips twitched, almost a smile. But the expression faded as quickly as the moon did at dawn. â€Å"You always wanted to be a doctor.† â€Å"I am.† â€Å"A Ph.D. isn’t an M.D.† I’d given up my hopes of treating people after I’d turned furry the first time. Kind of hard to build a practice when you never knew if you were going to wake up covered in blood the morning after a full moon. In truth, I’d always been fascinated by viruses – where they came from, how they were transmitted, how in hell we could cure them. One of the few bright spots in the past seven years had been my work. I’d been given carte blanche to study something no one else even knew about. What scientist wouldn’t be tempted? Nic continued to stare at me, no doubt waiting to hear the reason I wasn’t delivering babies or performing brain surgery. He’d be waiting a very long time. â€Å"You were going to be a lawyer,† I said. When in doubt, point the finger elsewhere. â€Å"I am. A majority of our agents have backgrounds in accounting or law.† Huh. I guess we do learn something new every day. â€Å"This facility seems huge,† he continued. â€Å"How many researchers do you have?† We’d reached the end of my lies and my patience. â€Å"If you want more information, you’ll have to talk to the boss, Edward Mandenauer.† One call from Edward to Washington, D.C., and Nic would be out on his ear. â€Å"Fine. Where is he?† â€Å"Wisconsin. That’s east of here, by a lot.† His eyes narrowed. † Where in Wisconsin?† â€Å"Classified.† I shrugged. â€Å"Sorry.† â€Å"Elise, you’re starting to piss me off.† â€Å"Only starting?† The smile nearly broke through again, and I thought, There you are, an instant before he caught himself and frowned. This new Nic disturbed me. Had he become so serious and sad because of the job or because of me? I didn’t like either choice. Leaning back, he laced his fingers together and rested his head against his palms. â€Å"I’ll just wait until he calls in.† I opened my mouth, then shut it again, stumped. I couldn’t have him hanging around. I was behind schedule. Besides, how was I going to explain that there wasn’t anyone in the compound but me, a single guard, and the werewolves in the basement? I could throw Nic out, or have the guard do it; however, that kind of behavior would only add to the questions, and no doubt insure we enjoyed more visits from the FBI. Better to convince Nic to leave on his own if possible. â€Å"Edward won’t be calling for several days,† I said. â€Å"He’s in the field. You may as well tell me what’s going on.† Nic stared at me for a few seconds before leaning forward and lowering his arms to the table. â€Å"I’ve been working on a case for years. A lot of people are no longer where they’re supposed to be, and they haven’t shown up anywhere else.† â€Å"Since when do missing persons come under FBI jurisdiction?† â€Å"Since we have good reason to believe we’re dealing with more than disappearances.† I heard what he wasn’t saying. The FBI thought they had a serial kidnapper, if not a serial killer, on their hands. Hell, they probably did. What they didn’t know was that the culprit was most likely less than human. â€Å"A lot more people vanish in this world than anyone knows about,† I murmured. Nic lifted a brow. I guess I didn’t have to tell him that. His business was finding the missing. Which made him dangerous to my business. To keep the populace calm, part of the J-S job description was to invent excuses, smooth over the edges, make sure that those who were murdered by evil entities were not searched for by the authorities or their families. â€Å"I still don’t understand how we can help you. Is one of the missing people from this area?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Did you trace someone here?† â€Å"No.† I threw up my hands. â€Å"What then?† â€Å"We were sent an anonymous tip.† I resisted the urge to snort and roll my eyes. The bad guys were forever trying to throw the government at us. If we were unwinding red tape we weren’t hunting and searching for monsters. Until today, all such attempts had been quelled higher up. The word in Washington was that Edward Mandenauer stood above reproach. He was not to be bothered, and neither were any of his people. Obviously Nic hadn’t gotten the top secret memo. I glanced at him as another possibility came to mind. The Jger-Suchers might be a clandestine organization, and the location of our compound closely guarded, but recently many of our secrets had gone on the market. We had a traitor in our midst, and we never knew when someone might die. â€Å"What was this tip?† â€Å"E-mail. Said I’d find what I was seeking here.† I frowned. â€Å"Not much of a tip.† â€Å"Imagine my surprise when I saw your name on the employee roster of the Jger-Suchers.† Which explained how he knew so much about me, how he’d remained so calm upon seeing me, while I’d been paralyzed. He’d already known I was here. â€Å"There was precious little information in those personnel files, considering this is a government installation.† Since quite a few of our agents had been on the wrong side of the law at one time or another – sometimes it took a monster to catch a monster – it wouldn’t do for their records to be available to anyone who cared to look. Our personnel files were carefully constructed to reveal the very least necessary – or in some cases nothing at all. â€Å"I thought you were dead,† he murmured, â€Å"and you were right here.† Strange how one small thing was often all it took to break a mystery wide open. People don’t realize how often killers are caught because of an accident, a coincidence, nothing more than a sharp eye skimming an unrelated report and finding a connection. No, I wasn’t dead, but that didn’t mean I didn’t want to be. As if realizing he’d skirted too close to an emotional edge neither one of us wanted to cross, Nic withdrew a sheet of paper from his jacket. â€Å"Can you check with your people, with Manden-auer, see if anyone knows any of the names on this list of missing persons?† His face was set, his eyes gone icy blue – back to business. I was alive; I was no longer missing. I could almost see him checking my name off a list in his brain. Would he ever think of me again once he walked out of this room? Probably not, and that was a good thing. So why did I feel so bad? Nic still stood with the list in his hand. I took the paper and tucked it into a pocket without a glance. â€Å"My number’s at the top.† He rose and his gaze was captured by something on my desk. My breath caught as he stared at the small stuffed crow he’d once won for me at a local fair. Actually won was too lenient a term. He’d spent five times what the cheesy toy was worth trying to sink a basketball into a hoop. Back then he’d been more bookish than buff. My eyes touched on the broad shoulders packed into the dark suit. He could probably make a basket now, or ram the ball into the hoop by sheer force of will. I didn’t know what to say. That I’d kept the item all these years was far too sentimental a gesture for the cool, distant woman I wanted to be. â€Å"I like crows.† My voice came out impressively blase, as if the toy meant nothing, but my eyes stung. I had to look away or embarrass myself. I blinked a few times, swallowed, turned to see if he’d believed my lie and discovered him halfway out the door. Surprised, I scurried after, then paused in the hall. He was leaving without pressing me for more answers about the Jger-Suchers. I should be glad. People who annoyed Edward Mandenauer often found themselves on the wrong side of dead. I’d left Nic once so he wouldn’t learn the truth, so he wouldn’t be hurt. This time I’d let him leave for the same reason. I continued to the front of the building so I could watch Nic walk out of my life forever. He might come back, but he wasn’t getting in. I left explicit instructions to that effect with the guard. I should contact my boss, tell him about the visit from the FBI, but it was just past noon. Edward would still be sleeping after hunting all night. There was time enough to call him once I checked on my latest experiment. The only way into the basement laboratory was through the elevator located outside of my office. Disguised as a wall panel, the door slid open at the press of my palm to the security monitor. â€Å"Good afternoon, Dr. Hanover.† The computerized voice never failed to irk me; I’m not sure why. Extreme security was part of my life. Though what I was doing was important, there were nevertheless those who would stop at nothing to keep me from doing it. As the elevator descended to subterranean level, the same mechanical voice intoned, â€Å"Retina scan, please.† I positioned my face in front of the camera. Without the appropriate retinas, anyone who managed to get this far would be trapped inside. Of course, there was always the possibility someone would cut off my hand and dig out my eye in order to access the basement. Luckily, or perhaps not, most of the beings capable of that level of insanity were already incarcerated on the other side of the door. The elevator slid open. A bank of rooms fronted with bulletproof glass lined the walls. All of the chambers – hell, let’s be honest, they were prison cells – were occupied. I hadn’t been kidding about the werewolves in the basement. How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Two, Essay examples

Chinese Economic Reform (4177 words) Essay Example For Students

Chinese Economic Reform (4177 words) Essay Chinese Economic ReformTwoyears after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, it became apparent to many ofChinas leaders that economic reform was necessary. During his tenure as Chinaspremier, Mao had encouraged social movements such as the Great Leap Forward andthe Cultural Revolution which had had as their bases ideologies such as servingthe people and maintaining the class struggle. By 1978 Chinese leaderswere searching for a solution to serious economic problems produced by HuaGuofeng, the man who had succeeded Mao Zedong as CCP leader after Maosdeath (Shirk 35). Hua had demonstrated a desire to continue theideologically based movements of Mao. Unfortunately, these movements had leftChina in a state where agriculture was stagnant, industrial production waslow, and the peoples living standards had not increased in twenty years(Nathan 200). This last area was particularly troubling. While the grossoutput value of industry and agriculture increased by 810 percent and nationalincome grew b y 420 percent average individual incomeincreased by only 100 percent (Ma Hong quoted in Shirk 28). However,attempts at economic reform in China were introduced not only due to some kindof generosity on the part of the Chinese Communist Party to increase thepopulaces living standards. It had become clear to members of the CCP thateconomic reform would fulfill a political purpose as well since the party felt,properly it would seem, that it had suffered a loss of support. As Susan L. Shirk describes the situation in The Political Logic of Economic Reform inChina, restoring the CCPs prestige required improving economic performance andraising living standards. The traumatic experience of the Cultural Revolutionhad eroded popular trust in the moral and political virtue of the CCP. Thepartys leaders decided to shift the base of party legitimacy from virtue tocompetence, and to do that they had to demonstrate that they could deliver thegoods. (23) This movement from virtue to competence seemed to mark aserious departure from orthodox Chinese political theory. Confucius himself hadposited in the fifth century BCE that those individuals who best demonstratedwhat he referred to as moral force should lead the nation. Using this principleas a guide, China had for centuries attempted to choose at least itsbureaucratic leaders by administering a test to determine their moral force. After the Communist takeover of the country, Mao continued this emphasis onmoral force by demanding that Chinese citizens demonstrate what he referred toas correct consciousness. This correct consciousness could beexhibited, Mao believed, by the way people lived. Needless to say, that whichconstituted correct consciousness was often determined and assessed by Mao. Nevertheless, the ideal of moral force was still a potent one in China evenafter the Communist takeover. It is noteworthy that Shirk feels that the ChineseCommunist Party leaders saw economic reform as a way to regain their and theirpartys moral virtue even after Maos death. Thus, paradoxically, bydemonstrating their expertise in a more practical area of competence, theleaders of the CCP felt they could demonstrate how they were serving the people. To be sure, the move toward economic reform came about as a result of achanged domestic and international environment, which altered theleaderships perception of the factors that affect Chinas national security andsocial stability (Xu 247). But Shirk feels that, in those pre-Tienenmendays, such a move came about also as a result of an attempt by CCP leaders todemonstrate, in a more practical and thus less obviously ideological manner thanMao had done, their moral force. This is not to say that the idea of economicreform was embraced enthusiastically by all members of the leadership of theChinese Communist Party in 1978. To a great extent, the issue of economic reformbecame politicized as the issue was used as a means by Deng Xiaoping to attainthe leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. Maos successor, Hua Guofeng, hadtried to prove himself a worthy successor to Mao by draping himself in themantle of Maoist tradition. His approach to economic development was orthodoxMaoism with an up-to-date, international twist (Shirk 35). This approachwas tied heavily to the development of Chinas oil reserves. hen estimates of the oil reserves were revised downward commitments toimport plants and expand heavy industry could not be sustained (Shirk 35). Deng took advantage of this economic crisis to discredit Hua and aim forleadership of the party. Reform policies became Dengs platform againstHua for post-Mao leadership (Shirk 36). Given this history of economicreform, it is evident that under the present system economic questions arenecessarily political questions (Dorn 43). Once Deng and his faction hadprevailed, it was necessary for some sort of economic reform to evolve. Theinitial form the new economy took was not a radical one. China was still astate in which the central government retain the dominant power in economicresource allocation and responsible local officials work for the interest ofthe units under their control (Solinger 103). However, as time passed,some basic aspects of the old system were altered either by design or via theprocess of what might be called benign neglect. As Shirk points out, in ruralareas, decollectivization was occurring: decision making power from collective production units (communes, brigades , and teams) tothe family (38); purchase prices for major farm products were increased(39). In 1985, further reforms were introduced. For example, long-term salescontracts between farmers and the government were established. In addition, inan effort to allow the market to determine prices, city prices of fruitand vegetables, fish, meat, and eggs, were freed from government controls sothey could respond to market demand (Shirk 39). Most importantly, asurge of private and collective industry and commerce in the countryside(Shirk 39) occurred. This allowed a great percentage of the populace to becomeinvolved in private enterprise and investment in family or group ventures. Theconditions also allowed rural Chinese to leave the villages and become involvedin industry in urban centers (Shirk 40). The economy grew so quickly thatinflation occurred and the government had to reinstitute price controls. Chinaseconomy retains these characteristics of potential for growthand inflationtothis day . Another important aspect of Chinese economic reform was the decisionof China to join the world economy. Deng Xiaoping and his allies hoped to effectthis 1979 resolution in two ways: by expanding foreign trade, and by encouragingforeign companies to invest in Chinese enterprises. This policydenoted theOpen Policy (Shirk 47)was a drastic removal from the policies ofMao Zedong and, in fact, from centuries of Chinese political culture. The OpenPolicy, which designated limited areas in China as places withpreferential conditions for foreign investment and bases for the development ofexports (Nathan 99), was extremely successful in the areas where it wasimplemented (Shirk 47). However, it was looked upon by many Chinese as nothingless than an avenue to economic dependency (Nathan 50). Indeed, whenthe policy was first implemented, many Chinese seem to fear that Dengspolicies drawing China back toward its former semi-colonial status as amarket where the imperialist countries dump their g oods, a raw materialbase, a repair and assembly workshop, and an investment center. (Nathan51) It is interesting to note the symptoms of a national character that wouldsubscribe to the above sentiment. In an article written in 1981, just two yearsafter the Open Policy was first proposed, Andrew J. Nathan noted the almostpathological resistance to foreign intervention in the Chinese economy:Some Chinese fear that reliance on imported technology will encourage adependent psychology Chinese perceive joint ventures as a costly formof acquisition. Some people worry: Wont we be suffering losses by lettingforeigners make profits in our country?' (52). The Chinese were asvociferous about issues of sovereignty. Nathan maintained that the Mao-ledrevolution, which culminated in victory in 1949, had been fueled by anintense patriotism: once China had stood up, no infringement on itssovereignty, no matter how small, should be permitted (53). These feelingswere manifested in denying foreign bu sinessmen long-term, multiple entry visas,resisting increased foreign economic contacts and alteration ofcurrent ways of doing things, and disinclination to become involved ingovernment-to-government loans and joint ventures lest Chinese become exploitedin some way (Nathan 53-55). Given these hesitancies on the part of the Chinesesociety vis-a-vis foreign relations, it is impressive that Deng and his allieswere able initially to create and implement the Open Policy since many membersof the society at large were resistant to becoming involved in a policy soantithetical to the Chinese national character. However, once the successes ofthe Open Policy were apparent, resistance to the plan by the populace waned. Time Management for College Students EssayNeedless to say, exclusion from WTO would be disastrous for any country, butparticularly for an emerging market such as China. Even on a day to day basis,Chinas economic leaders seem unable to understand how some aspects of a marketeconomy work. In discussing the status of the Shanghai Stock Market, forexample, one stock dealer referred to it as crazy (StocksSurge D2). Moreover, American analysts have been amazed to discover in theShanghai market the lack of regulation and the poor disclosurerequirements. Some companies have been listed for two or three years and havenot issued an annual report (Hansell D2). It is no wonder that Chineseinvestors become anxious about their investments. The issuance of shares in theShandong Huaneng Power Development Company also demonstrates the lack ofexpertise on the part of the Chinese in the modern world market. In fact,according to one Hong Kong investment analyst, he company wasntreally a company. It wa s just a bunch of discrete plants that they tied a bowaround and wrote a prospectus on' (Zuckerman D6). The prospectusguaranteed a fifteen percent annual return on investments. In fact, the returnwill no doubt be less than that because of prevailing currency exchange ratesand debt that the company will have to assume. To be sure, the problems of theShandong Huaneng Power Development Company and the Shanghai Stock Exchange maydemonstrate only the problems of an immature economy. Nevertheless, if Chinawishes to become a viable member of the world economic community, suchshortcomings will have to be eliminated quickly. These apparent problems mayalso be the result of an economic system that is run by the state. Certainly,one thing that the CCP has attempted to do is create a market economy whileretaining a state controlled system. This structure may be possible but it doeshave its critics. Steven N.S. Cheung, in an essay written in 1989, argued forthe creation of private property by ma ndate (31), feeling thatprivatization in China would lead to necessary additional investment in thesocietys infrastructure and the establishment of a judicial system thatis based firmly on the principle of equality before the law (Cheung 32). Echoing Cheungs sentiments, James Dorn saw problems in the areas of Chinesebanking and finance. In this arrangement, Dorn argued, the state controlsthe bulk of investment resources. The lack of a private capital market hashandicapped economic development in China and hampered rational investmentdecisionmaking (43). In order to become a modern economic state Dornargued for the necessity of circumventing Chinas ruling elite who opposethe dismantling of state monopolies and who benefit from price fixing andnonprice rationing (51). Xu Zhiming also saw the necessity for a revampingof the Chinese system: We must throw off the traditional systemcompletely (249) in order for economic reform to thrive. Communist Partymembers, of course, articulate a different position. In a recent interview thatappeared in the Beijing Review, Feng Bing, Deputy Secretary General of the StateCommission for Restructuring the Economic System, spoke to the issue of economicreform in China. It is striking that Feng spoke of the benefits that thepopulace has received as a result of the economic reform now occurring in China. That is, his comments appeared to demonstrate the beneficence, or the moralforce, of the Chinese Communist Party vis-a-vis economic reform. He noted thatsuch reform involves the essence of socialism: to liberate and developproductive forces; to eradicate exploitation; to remove polarization; and toattain the goal of common prosperity (Official 12). Thus, CCPleaders still appear to see their roles as representatives of a moral force. CCPmembers and leaders wish economic reform not to be judged on just its practicalmerits, but also as an effect of the moral force of the leadership. Economicreform, then, becomes nothing less than a moral crusade and it is thus easy tosee why, for example, China has staked its national prestige on becoming afounding member of the World Trade Organization (Gargan 14). Will Chinasucceed in taking its place among the nations of the world market? Will the CCPsucceed in retaining its political power given the drastic changes in thesocietal makeup of China th at are occurring due to the changing economicrealities? I would suggest that the chances are better for the former than forthe latter. Once the Chinese attain more sophistication relative tointernational and national markets, institute a more manageable banking system,and make a good faith effort to insure acceptable human rights, the country maywell become the richest economy in the world within the next 25years (Gilder 372). However, whether or not these conditions can occurwithout a weakening of the state controlled system is problematic. The mostimpressive and far-reaching display of moral force by the CCP may well have tobe a voluntary reduction of its power over the people. Paradoxically, byweakening itself politically, the party may demonstrate its true moral force byliberating, politically and economically, one billion Chinese citizens. BibliographyBoeing Planning to Invest $100 Million for China Plant. New YorkTimes: 9 August 1994, D4. Bradsher, Keith. Bill to Restrict ChinasImports Loses in House. New York Times: 10 August 1994, A7. Cheung, StevenN.S. Privatization vs. Special Interests: The Experience of ChinasEconomic Reforms. Economic Reform in China: Problems and Prospects. Ed. James A. Dorn and Wang Xi. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990. 21-32. China cracks down on dissent after trade threat lifted, report says.Hartford Courant: 29 July 1994, A13. China Stock Is Most Active. NewYork Times: 5 August 1994, D5. Dorn, James A. Pricing and Property: TheChinese Puzzle. Economic Reform in China: Problems and Prospects. Ed. James A. Dorn and Wang Xi. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990. 39-61. Du Pont Plans Increase In Chinese Investment. New York Times: 10August 1994, D2. Gargan, Edward A. U.S. May Thwart Chinas TradeGoal. New York Times: 24 July 1994, 14. Gilder, George. Let aBillion Flowers Bloom. Economic

8 Incredible Stories To Inspire Writers - The Writers For Hire

8 INCREDIBLE STORIES TO INSPIRE WRITERS Anyone who has ever tried to publish a book knows that being an author is not for the faint of heart. Getting a reputable publisher to even look at your book can be a challenge; and finding one to represent you can seem impossible. Unless you are an A-list celebrity, or a millionaire heiress, getting your book published takes a lot of hard work and a good amount of pure luck. There are some authors, though, who manage to start at the very bottom and work their way up to mega-star status, without relying on fame or family connections. Take J.K. Rowling, for example. Before her Harry Potter series made her a household name (and a billionaire, I might add), she was a single mother, living on welfare. And before Charles Dickens became one of the most famous authors of all time, he was forced to leave school and, at the age of twelve, work 10-hour days in a boot-blacking warehouse to help support his family. Rowling and Dickens are not the only well-known authors to have come from modest beginnings. This fascinating article from Bustle.com tells the success stories of 8 authors who have worked their way up from poverty, violence, and abuse to literary fame. These stories are not only amazing, but are incredibly inspiring. So, the next time you feel like throwing in the towel and giving up on your writing dreams, just think of these amazing authors and find strength in their success.

7 Things You Should Never Wear on a Job Interview

7 Things You Should Never Wear on a Job Interview Unless you’re applying for a position at Vogue, your ensemble should be a low-stress decision. If you stick to some evergreen rules about what to do (and what not to do), you’ll ensure that you look sharp, without your clothes taking any of the thunder away from your sparkling resume and skills. Here are seven things not to wear on interview day.1. Clothes that don’t fit.If you’re swimming in your power suit, it can make you look a little like a kid playing dress-up. If your outfit is several sizes too small, it can distract from the discussion at hand- and maybe even emphasize some, uh, attributes that really shouldn’t be on the table in a professional job interview. Make sure your clothes fit you as you are. If you can’t afford a new interview outfit, don’t stress- there are relatively inexpensive tailoring options that can make your lucky blazer fit again, or hem those pants so that you’re not tripping over the ends.2. Clothe s that are super-casual.Even if you know ahead of time that the company where you’re interviewing is super cazh, you should still err on the side of formality for your interview outfit. Never wear flip-flops, a hat, jeans, a t-shirt, or anything with an obvious brand written on it. You’ll have plenty of time to wear your casual gear later if the office dress code is laid-back. As for the brands, the only brand you want to be shilling for is you.3. Inappropriate clothing.If it’s low-cut, just say no. If it’s close to that line, find another shirt. You don’t want to spend the interview worrying that if you shift just a little, your neckline might slip down into â€Å"too much skin† territory. The same goes for clothes that are too tight- you want to keep the attention on your resume, not on your risquà ©.4. Clothes that show off your tattoos.For many people, tattoos are in a private (or at least covered by clothing) spot, and it’s a no n-issue. However, if you have one in an area like your lower arm or leg, cover it for the interview. You never know if you’ll be meeting with someone who’s on the conservative side, or sees it as enough to affect their view of you. This doesn’t mean you should necessarily be ashamed of your sweet â€Å"MOM† ink†¦but an interview just isn’t the right showcase. Again, it shifts focus and discussion away from the professional and into the personal.5. Too many accessories.Do you really need that scarf and patterned headband and all of the bracelets in your jewelry box? Short answer: no. Accessories are a great way to show a bit of personality and style sense, but try to limit it to one or two pieces that flow quietly with your outfit.6. High-volume colors.The best overall color palette for your interview outfit(s) is dark and/or neutral. You can still use accent colors, but again- you don’t want your clothes doing the talking for you. The b right plaid tie may be the â€Å"in† color in Esquire this month for its ironic kitsch, but go with the understated version for your interview.7. Clothes that are dirty or ripped.Above all, you should look neat for your interview. If possible, get your clothes dry-cleaned before interview day. But even if you’re doing it at home, make sure you give everything a once-over for stains, little rips, or other imperfections that could ding your composed image while you’re interviewing.Dressing for success doesn’t necessarily require a ton of money- just care and attention that let your best self show through.

Matisse's Serpentine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Matisse's Serpentine - Essay Example The essay "Matisse's Serpentine" discusses Henri Matisse and his art. Matisse explained in 1947 when referring to the effect his painting had on being a sculptor. The tension between a three-dimensional sculpture and a two-dimensional image freed him to interpret and invent bodily form. In the process, he limited the flesh and increased the space between arms and legs, magnetizing the viewer’s gaze to the negative space and the smooth counters from varied angles. These elongated limbs and â€Å"linear, sinuous contours† are depicted in his Dance paintings and helped define The Serpentine. The Serpentine is currently on display at the Museum of Modern Art. After seeing the sculpture on the Internet, the enormity of the sculpture is overwhelming. When approaching The Serpentine at the museum, it is at eye level. The black of the sculpture is contrasted by a white base. The sculpture is a nude woman with her right arm behind her back and crossed legs leaning against a balu strade with her finger on the lips. The image reminds one of a supermodel, with extremely thin elongated arms and legs, complimented by curvaceous hips and long hair. There is a slight bored smile on the nude woman’s face, but inviting as well. The Serpentine evokes emotions of envy, desire to be like her, and awe. Surprisingly, unlike other sculptures with smooth textures, The Serpentine has a rough texture. Lines and indents make up the whole sculpture. It appears like Matisse awoke one morning and made a large clay model in the span of a day.

Sex Determination and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sex Determination and Development - Essay Example The same pair of chromosomes results to female while the different pairs results to male product. (Doren, 2009) The production of new plant-line is also determined by the produced monoploids through genetics that result from favorable genotypes. Therefore, it involves the doubling of chromosomes to form homozygous, fertile diploids. There is abnormal number of chromosome aberrations in Aneuploidy which results to organism’s production in a non functional condition through meiosis. DNA component also help in the determination of the inherited chromosomes which form part of the development and sex determination. The components are cellular units that form basic components of chromosome cells that are inherited. This demonstrates how the living things are and how it is prone tom develop. Half of a child’s DNA is inherited from the parent’s DNA and is made possible through the sexual fertilization process when the eggs and sperms meet. Differentiation in terms of development in human starts appearing in the embryo. The difference is realized in gonad within the first six weeks of gestation. The development if female sex is visible in the primordial germ cell which plays a vital role in ovary development. Sry+ and Y-linked are essential players in the first stage of indifference. Y-linked helps in production control and development of testis during cell differentiation. This is also vital in the cell differentiation of two key hormones which gives secondary hormones that controls sex differentiation through Sry+ and Sox-9+ plus an active Dax-1+ gene. The germ primordial cells are enclosed by epithelial cells that help in the creation of primitive sex cords in female. These results to the development of female genital duct, Wolffian and Mullerian duct which forms the female organ when fully

Development of Indias Banking System

Development of Indias Banking System Introduction With a population of over 1 billion, India is one of the most important countries with accelerating economic growth. According to the World Bank (2009), the annual GDP growth of India has been more than 7% over the past ten years. The financial crises in 1997 and 2008 have revealed the importance of robust banking system towards economic development. Indian Government liberalized the banking system through Indian Banking Sector Reform in 1991. From the first bank in India in 1786, the development of Indian Banking System has three distinct phases. Early Phase (1786 1969) There were 1100 small banks in India. The Government implemented the Banking Companies Act 1949 to facilitate the functioning of commercial banks. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was authorized to supervise the Indian banking sector and became the Central Banking Authority. Post Nationalization Period (1969 1991) State Bank of India was formed to act as a principal agent of RBI and handle banking transactions in India. Fourteen major commercial banks were nationalized as there was a decline in public confidence during the early phase. Nationalization guaranteed the sustainability of banking industry and aroused public confidence. Post-Liberalization Period (1991 now) Liberalization of banking practices occurred. Foreign banks, ATMs, phone banking, net banking were introduced to make the banking system more convenient and efficient. The development of banking system is transiting. Public-Sector Banks contributes to 78% of total banking industry asset. Private-Sector Banks, on the other hand, are experiencing great progress in internet banking, ATMs and other technology advancements. They are likely to expand in India. Central Bank Reserve Bank of India It was established in 1935 and was nationalized in 1949. It has 8 functions explained as follows: Note Issuance: It has the sole right to issue bank notes of all denominations as an agent of the Government. Government Banker: It acts as Government banker, agent and adviser. It controls the banking system through licensing, inspection and calling for information. It also supervises and controls commercial and cooperative banks. Maintenance of Minimum Reserve Ratio: RBI set the cash reserve ratio is 5% and repo rate is 4.75 % in 2009. Lender of Last Resort: It acts as the lender of last resort by providing rediscount facilities to scheduled banks. Credit Controller: It controls the credit operations of banks quantitatively and qualitatively like open market operations, discount policies and reserve requirements. Settlement of Clearing Functions: RBI facilitates the inter-bank clearing of current accounts in 1050 clearing houses in India. Custodian of Foreign Reserves: RBI sets a limit on money transfer in and out of India under Foreign Exchange Management Act. It examines Indias reserve of international currencies and maintains the official rate of exchange with all member countries of International Monetary Fund. Promotional Functions: RBI is responsible to extend banking facilities to rural and semi-urban areas, and establish and promote new specialized financing agencies. Banking System Banks in India The Reserve Bank of India heads the Indian commercial banks. Banks in India can be categorized into three tiers scheduled commercial banks; regional rural banks which operate in rural areas not covered by scheduled banks; and cooperative and special purpose rural banks. There are approximately 98 scheduled commercial banks, both Indian and foreign, almost 200 regional rural banks, more than 350 central cooperative banks, 20 land development banks, and a number of agricultural credit societies. Commercial Banks Commercial banking is dominated by 28 state-owned banks controlling 69.9% of assets in the sector in 2007/08. Private domestic held 21.7% and foreign banks had the remaining 8.4%. Commercial banks can be categorized into domestic banks and foreign banks. Domestic Banks They include public-sector banks, private-sector banks and savings, mortgage and co-operative banks. The biggest domestic bank is a public-sector bank, State Bank of India with market share 16.83%. The second biggest domestic bank is a private-sector bank, ICICI Bank with market share 9.11%. Public-Sector Banks They have a country wide networks and each has its own geographic stronghold. They provide a full range of banking services and are an important source of short-term funds. State Bank of India is the largest bank providing 16.83$ of loan advances in 2007/08. In 2008, SBI merged its subsidiary, State Bank of Saurashtra, and is increasing its international presence. The introduction of stringent capital-adequacy, income-recognition and asset-classification norms in economic reform promoted public-sector banks to reveal true positions in financial statements. The gap between strong and weak banks is thus widened. Private-Sector Banks There were 41 private-sector banks and 18 of them were listed on the stock exchange as of 2009. They usually have strong regional client bases and upgrade their technology and services. ICICI, the largest private-sector bank, merged with Bank of Madura in 2001 and Shangli Bank in 2007. Life Insurance Corporation of India raised its stake in Corporation Bank to 27% from 12.32% in 2001. It is expected that more mergers and acquisitions will be found in the coming decade. Savings, mortgages and co-operative banks They are small and contribute slightly to the source of funds for most companies. They tend to finance rural and small sectors and have geographically-restricted operations. New RBI regulations have imposed restrictions on them in 2001 as some urban cooperative banks were discovered to have a high exposure to the stock market. Foreign Banks The biggest foreign bank is Citibank with market share 1.55%. Standard Chartered Bank ranked the second. Citibank, Standard Chartered Bank, HSBC and ABN Amro Bank dominate the sector in the diagram shown below. Comparing the advances of foreign banks and that of commercial banks, it is shown that foreign banks play a small role in banking industry. They accounted for 8.4% of total commercial-bank assets in 2007/08. But the rising net profits of the banks to Rs66.12bn in 2007/08 from Rs45.85bn in 2006/07 suggested the increasing importance of this sector. Foreign banks offer borrowing terms similar to local banks, but their benchmark prime lending rates are 1 to 3 percentage points higher. Foreign banks usually form part of a lending consortium. Foreign banks without a branch presence can conduct business through representative offices. These banks concentrate on providing offshore currency loans and related foreign-exchange products, rather than retail banking or local-currency lending. Investment Banks and Brokerages Investment banks and brokerages rely on advisory business. They have a limited involvement in risk capital. They can weather the downturn without the risk of going out of business. However, if the downturn continues in 2010, some banks may leave the small Indian market. Citi(US) and JM Financial Group have the greatest market share in this sector with their contribution of more than half deal value. Given the growth of Indian market, major foreign investment banks have reworked their partnerships with investment banks to help them to capture a greater market share. Development Banks Public-sector development banks were traditionally the principle source of long-term capital. Development banks provide medium and long-term rupee and foreign-currency financing, underwrite and subscribe to stocks and debentures. Due to the financial sector reform, they offer new services and products, set up organizations to provide a variety of financial services. Some countrywide development banks are Industrial Finance Corp of India and Industrial Investment Bank of India. The Post Office Saving Bank It has the largest retail-bank network, with over 155,000 branches. A growing number of post offices are also connected electronically. Given its large distribution network, India Post now leverages its presence to become a general financial-services distributor. It provides various mutual funds and bonds. It also offers an inward international money-transfer service. Offshore Banks Banks are allowed to set up overseas banking units within the countrys special economic zones functioning as overseas branches of domestic banks. Six domestic banks set up overseas banking units: Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, ICICI Bank, Punjab National Bank, State Bank of India and Union Bank. Domestic banks can enjoy a tax deduction on the income from OBUs and advantages of global presence. Banks Deposit Composition The deposits of national banks dominate the banking industry because they are backed up by the government and the public thus have confidence in nationalized banks. However, regional rural banks have a small share of deposits. It is mainly due to the lower income level in rural areas. Although foreign banks have a second smallest share of deposits, liberalization of the banking industry will allow them to expand their business. Competitive Situation More aggressive merger and acquisition are stemming in India. One advantages stemming from merger is the ability to cross-sell a slew of retail products including housing loans, car loans, personal finance and credit cards. Further, merged entity will be able to compete with threats from global players, for instance, HSBC and Citibank. However, challenges of merger are the integration of financial and human resources, as well as satisfying statutory requirements. Also some FIs faced the problem of relying on an increasing cagey market to raise capital. As FIs were funding long-term projects with money rose short term, there was a critical asset-liability disparity. RBI then proposed to convert financial institutions into universal banks recently. A reverse merger with their own subsidiary banks will now give FIs access to low-cost funds. The trend of mergers and acquisitions will prevail in the coming years. Economic Conditions Indian banks balance sheets are not directly exposed to sub-prime mortgage leading in US. The GDP and GDP per capital are expected to grow in the coming decade. The global financial crisis does not undermine the banking industry in India in a great extent. The assessment of the banking sector risk is rather low compared to that in Asia and Australasia in 2009. The expansion of consumer credit does not pose a high risk to the banking industry as the level of debts per customer remains low. In contrast, RBI moved the focus of its policy from boosting economic growth to containing inflation. Interest rates are expected to rise and tighter monetary policy are expected to be implemented. Conclusions The liberalization of banking system has (1) strengthen the banking sector (2) provide more operational flexibility to banks (3) enhance the competitive efficiency of banks (4) strengthen the legal framework governing bank operations. This well-developed banking system is favourable when it comes to expansion in India. However, a keen competition is found in India. Each sector has various existing banks with strong customer loyalty. Numerous state-owned banks and FIs are the dominant players in India. Despite the stable Indian economy and the steady and slow movement towards liberalization of banking system, the Government will probably strengthen the financial regulatory system sufficiently before a complete liberalization. Therefore, it is concluded that India is not suitable for expansion. References World Bank (2009). Word Bank in India. Retrieved November 25, 2009, from http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:22398481~menuPK:2246552~pagePK:2865106~piPK:2865128~theSitePK:223547,00.html India Finance Investment Guide (2009). Introduction. Retrieved November 25, 2009, from http://finance.indiamart.com/investment_in_india/banking_india.html Maps of India (2008). Banks in India. Retrieved November 25, 2009, from http://business.mapsofindia.com/banks-in-india/ Kamath, G.B. (2009). Emerald. The Intellectual Capital Performance of Indian Banking Sector, pp.4. Retrieved from, http://www.emeraldinsight.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/2500080104.pdf Bank of India (2009). Main Functions. Retrieved November 25, 2009, from http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/AboutusDisplay.aspx#MF OneIndia News (2009, July 28). RBI Keeps All Key Rates Unchanged. Retrieved November 25, 2009, from http://news.oneindia.in/2009/07/28/rbi-keeps-all-key-rates-unchanged.html Hubbard, R.G. OBrien (2006). How the Fed Reserves Manages the Money Supply. In Macroeconomics (2nd Ed.), Money, Banks, and the Federal Reserve System (pp. 451-452). United States: Pearson International Edition. NK Infobase (2009). Reserve Bank of India. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from http://money-transfer.in/reservebankofindia.html Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, July). Country Finance, India. Domestic Banks, pp. 14. Retrieved from http://www.eiu.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/report_dl.asp?issue_id=1784732363mode=pdf Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, July). Country Finance, India. Foreign Banks, pp. 14. Retrieved from http://www.eiu.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/report_dl.asp?issue_id=1784732363mode=pdf Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, July). Country Finance, India. Investment Banks and Brokerages, pp. 16. Retrieved from http://www.eiu.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/report_dl.asp?issue_id=1784732363mode=pdf Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, July). Country Finance, India. Development and Postal Banks, pp. 18. Retrieved from http://www.eiu.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/report_dl.asp?issue_id=1784732363mode=pdf Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, July). Country Finance, India. Offshore Banks, pp. 20. Retrieved from http://www.eiu.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/report_dl.asp?issue_id=1784732363mode=pdf Subhash, D.V. (2002, February). Birth of a Universal Bank. Retrieved 2 December, 2009. from http://search.ebscohost.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/login.aspx?direct=truedb=bthAN=7210765site=ehost-live Economist Intelligence Unit (2009, October). India: Banking Sector Risk. Retrieved 28 November 2009, from http://www.eiu.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/index.asp?layout=displayIssueArticleissue_id=1514868936article_id=1664868951 Scribd (2009). A Report on Non-Performing Assets Challenge to the Public Sector Banks, pp. 10. Retrieved December 2, 2009, from http://www.scribd.com/doc/8817767/A-REPORT-ON-NPA-IN-BANKING

Economic Topics Essay

Discuss how the government can use discretionary fiscal policy and automatic stabilisers to stabilise fluctuations in real GDP. What tools does the government have at its discretion to stabilise the economy? Suppose the government decides to decrease income taxes. Show in a diagram and explain how this policy will lead to an increase in real GDP. Explain how potential output may be affected. Any government program that tends to reduce fluctuations in GDP automatically is called an automatic stabilizer. The reduction in economic activity automatically reduced tax payments, reducing the impact of the downturn on disposable personal income. Furthermore, the reduction in incomes increased transfer payment spending, boosting disposable personal income further. Fiscal policy is the use of government expenditures and taxes to influence the level of economic activity; it is the government counterpart to monetary policy. Fiscal policy is the best counter-stabilisation tool available to any government. Discretionary government spending and tax policies can be used to shift aggregate demand. Expansionary fiscal policy might consist of an increase in government purchases or transfer payments, a reduction in taxes, or a combination of these tools to shift the aggregate demand curve to the right. A contractionary fiscal policy might involve a reduction in government purchases or trans fer payments, an increase in taxes, or a mix of all three to shift the aggregate demand curve to the left. Income taxes affect the consumption component of aggregate demand. A reduction in income taxes increases disposable personal income, increases consumption (but by less than the change in disposable personal income), and increases aggregate demand. That shifts the aggregate demand curve rightward by an amount equal to the initial change in consumption that the change in income taxes produces times the multiplier. Suppose, for example, that income taxes are reduced by $200 billion. Only some of the increase in disposable personal income will be used for consumption and the rest will be saved. Suppose the initial increase in consumption is $180 billion. Then the shift in the aggregate demand curve will be a multiple of $180 billion; if the multiplier is 2, aggregate demand will shift to the right by $360 billion. Thus, the equilibrium level of real GDP rises to $12,260 billion, an d the price level rises to P2. $12,000 $ 12,260 $12,360 The economy shown here is initially in equilibrium at a real GDP of $12,000 billion and a price level of P1. A reduce of $200 billion in the level of Income Taxes (ΔT) shifts the aggregate demand curve to the right by $360 billion to AD2. The equilibrium level of real GDP rises to $12,260 billion, while the price level rises to P2.

M3 Interpret the contents of a trading and profit and loss account performance of the organisation Essay

Interpret the contents of a trading and profit and loss account and balance sheet for a selected company explaining how accounting ratios can be used to monitor the financial performance of the organisation . Profit and Loss account. The P&L will not tell you about the underlying health of the business, such as how much money it owes or is owed and what the value of its assets are. It shows how much money did business made in a year. It records two things sales and cost/turnover. The trading account shows the income from sales and the direct costs of making those sales. It includes the balance of stocks at the start and end of the year. There are different sections of P&L which include: 1. Sales- it is the total value of what you’ve sold during the period of time. The formula for it is price time’s quantity. 2. Cost of sales- these are the costs that are directly related to the sales you have made. It includes raw materials or stock you have purchased to resell. It may also include the cost of creating the items that you sold, including the cost of staff time if you are selling service. 3. Gross Profit – This is the sum of sales revenue minus cost of sales. It tells you how much profit you are making directly from your sales. 4. Operating Costs – These are all the other costs associated with running a business, such as the rent and rates on your premises, accountancy and legal fees, and depreciation. These costs cannot be directly linked to your sales and may not change very much even if your sales figures were to change significantly. 5. Net Profit – This is the gross profit minus the operating costs. This is almost the true profit of your business because it’s made up of all the income and all the costs. The net profit is transferred over to balance sheet. Balance sheet A balance sheet shows the value of a business on a particular date. A balance sheet shows what the business owns and owes. It is also used as a guide for solvency of the company. Anything in your business that has financial value is included in the balance sheet. Everything is split into four groups. 1. In first group is included everything that can be liquidated (sold for cash) including stock, cash, and money owed by customers, are current assets. These are usually short term. 2. Second group is more long-term; including property, machinery, patents and long-term investments these are called fixed assets, which are long term liquidation. 3. Third part of balance sheet is current liabilities and they are what the business owes in the short-term: money owed to suppliers, taxes due, short-term loans and overdrafts. 4. The last group is long-term liabilities they are what the business owes in the long-term – to be paid after one year, as well as capital and reserves. Gross Profit Margin This ratio examines the relation between the gross profit and sales revenue. It also measures the % of gross profit that is made from a given amount of sales. It shows how efficiently a business is using its materials and labours in the production process and gives an indication of the pricing, cost structure, and production efficiency of your business. The higher the gross profit margin ratio the better it is for business. The higher the percentage, the more the business retains of each pound of sales, which means more money is left over for other operating expenses and net profit. A low gross profit margin ratio means that the business generates a low level of revenue to pay for operating expenses and net profit. It indicates that either the business is unable to control production or inventory costs or  those prices are set too low. Acid Test Ratio This method excludes stock as stock is not a very liquid asset. Acid-Test ratio provides a more rigorous assessment of a company’s ability to pay its current liabilities. A higher acid-test ratio indicates greater short-term financial health. The acid-test ratio is more conservative than the current ratio, which measures much the same thing, because the current ratio excludes the value of inventory. Net Profit Margin Net profit margin measures how much of each pound earned from sales of good and service the company is translated into profits. It also provides clues to the company’s pricing, cost structure and production efficiency. Net profit is used to pay for interest, tax and distribution to the owners. The higher the net profit margin ratio the better it is for the business. It indicates whether a firm has enough short-term assets to cover its immediate liabilities without selling inventory. A low net profit margin ratio may mean that you are not generating enough sales, the gross profit margin is too low, or that you are not keeping your operating expenses under control to leave an acceptable profit. A business with a low ratio might need to take on debt to pay its expenses. Return On Capital Employed It shows the return for money that is spent and it also says how well you do with the money. ROCE should always be higher than the rate at which the company borrows otherwise any increase in borrowing will reduce shareholders’ earnings and it indicates that the company is not employing its capital effectively and is not generating shareholder value. For a company, the ROCE trend over the years is also an important indicator of performance. In general, investors tend to favour companies with stable and rising ROCE numbers over companies where ROCE is volatile and bounces around from one year to the next. Debtors Days It shows how long it takes debtors to pay you money back. Increases in debtor days may be a sign that the quality of a company’s debtors is decreasing. This could also mean a greater risk of defaults. It could similarly be an indicator that cash flow is likely to weaken or that more working capital will be required. Investors should be aware of why changes in debtor days are happening, especially if there is a very large increase or a clear long term increasing trend. It may reflect a change in how the business operates, or its environment. This is not necessarily bad, but it can be an indication of a potentially serious problem.

Fidel Castro - 5049 Words

Fidel Castro’s Influence on the Cuban Revolution, 1953-1959 The year was 1953 and Fidel Castro was a dashing and daring reformer that was determined to make a impact in a country that was ruled by an unjust president. With the Movement strong and confident, Castro delivered these strong words to his group of men: â€Å"In a few hours you will be victorious or defeated, but regardless of the outcome – listen well, friends – this Movement will triumph. If you win tomorrow, the aspirations of Martà ­ will be fulfilled sooner. If we fail, our action will nevertheless set an example for the Cuban people, and from the people will arise fresh new men willing to die for Cuba. They will pick up our banner and move forward... The people will back us in†¦show more content†¦With no one willing to hear his case, Castro then would realized that his legal arguments would not be effective in his attempts to stop the government led by Batista. Castro needed to achieve his goal through other means, even force if necessary as exemplified by the uprisings in the Caribbean. His alternate approach to achieving his goal was to organize a group of underground rebels who would aid him in his fight against the oppressive rule of Batista. Castro began to draw followers to his cause through his personality, which compelled many people to join him in his fight against Batista. This gathering of followers would culminate with the 26th of July Movement, which in Cuba is called Movimiento 26 de Julio, which is used to commemorate the beginnings of the Cuban Revolution which was led by Fidel Castro. The Cuban Revolution’s conclusion would result in the overthrowing of the dictatorship of Batista, but the movement itself began with a failure. On July 26th, 1953, Fidel Castro led an attack against Fulgencio Batista in the Moncada Barracks. Castro, his brother Raul and a group of 160 armed men would attack the Barracks, which was the second largest military base in Cuba. Based on the fact that the military base was enormous and Castro’s men were far outnumbered in this attack, there was almost no chance that this attack would have succeeded. The outcome of this attack would be sixty of Castro’s men being killed, along with him and his brother being capturedSh ow MoreRelatedFidel Castro2633 Words   |  11 PagesThere are many views that people have of Cuba’s Fidel Castro. Castro is a figure with opinions on both ends of the spectrum. While he is not worldly popular at this point in his life, he was immensely beneficial to his country. Fidel Castro, leader of Cuba for the past 50 years may not be viewed in the best light, but he did phenomenal things for his people which makes him one of the most undervalued and overlooked political figures. 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His reign was markedRead MoreEssay on Fidel Castro855 Words   |  4 Pages Biography of Fidel Castro Fidel Castro was born on August 14, 1927 in Mayari, Cuba. His parents were relatively wealthy and owned a sugarcane plantation. During his childhood, he attended private Catholic Schools and graduated to attend the University of Havana in 1945. His teachers immediately noticed Fidels amazing memory, which he used to memorize entire books. At the university, he majored in law studies and became a member of several groups that opposed the Cuban regime, aiding exiles fromRead More fidel castro Essay866 Words   |  4 PagesCuba and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). Fidel Castro is a Cuban revolutionary, who took control of Cuba in 1959 and established a Communist dictatorship. Castro, who was born in Mayari, became the leader of an underground, anti-government faction. In 1956, he led a rebellion that won increasing popular support. 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Eugenia Charles is just as influential and recognizable around the World. She was the first female lawyer and Prime Minister of Dominica, and only the second female Prime Minister in Caribbean History. The contributions these two individuals have had on their respective nations have led to massive improvements